יעקב 4:1
From whence come wars and fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your lusts that war in your members?
הערת לימוד
Study Note
The question 'from whence come wars and fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your lusts that war in your members?' applies Platonic and Stoic inner-conflict analysis (the passions at war with reason) to the communal conflicts of the congregation. The Greek 'hēdonōn' (pleasures, desires) and 'epithumeō' (crave, desire intensely) are terms from the philosophical tradition of disordered desire (pleonexia) that James deploys within a covenantal framework. The structural argument is that external social violence (wars, fightings, murder, fighting — 4:1-2) originates in internal spiritual disorder (disordered desire, failure to ask God), linking social ethics inseparably to spiritual formation. The passage anticipates Augustine's analysis of the 'libido dominandi' (lust for domination) as the root of all political violence in the City of God.
תרגומים נוספים
Whence comewars and whence come fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your pleasures that war in your members?
Whence <FI>are<Fi> wars and fightings among you? not thence--out of your passions, that are as soldiers in your members?
What is the cause of wars and fighting among you? is it not in your desires which are at war in your bodies?
הפניות צולבות
For the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the will of the Gentiles, when we …
That he no longer should live the rest of his time in the flesh to the lusts of men, but …
Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;
As obedient children, not fashioning yourselves according to the former lusts in your ignorance:
The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?
And the world passeth away, and the lust thereof: but he that doeth the will of God abideth for ever.
Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love …
All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.
For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,
For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: