John 12:40
He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.
הערת לימוד
Study Note
John's citation of Isaiah 6:10 ('He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart') at the conclusion of the Book of Signs interprets Jesus' widespread rejection as the fulfilment of Isaiah's commission to a people who would not hear. The divine-passive construction — God as the agent of hardening — raises the most acute tensions between divine sovereignty and human responsibility in the Gospels, and John's immediately following affirmation that 'many rulers believed' (12:42) shows that hardening is not absolute. The quotation in verse 41 states that Isaiah 'saw his (Christ's) glory,' interpreting the theophany of Isaiah 6 as a pre-incarnate vision of the Son — a remarkable high-Christology claim. Paul deploys the same Isaianic hardening text in Romans 9-11 to explain Israel's present partial rejection of the gospel.
תרגומים נוספים
He hath blinded their eyes, and he hardened their heart; Lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, And should turn, And I should heal them.
`He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart, that they might not see with the eyes, and understand with the heart, and turn back, and I might heal them;'
He has made their eyes blind, and their hearts hard; for fear that they might see with their eyes and get knowledge with their hearts, and be changed, and I might make them well.
הפניות צולבות
And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them: and I will get …
And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and …
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and …
And he hardened Pharaoh’s heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said.
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
And the Lord said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders …
Yet the Lord hath not given you an heart to perceive, and eyes to see, and ears to hear, unto …
And the Lord said, Who shall persuade Ahab, that he may go up and fall at Ramoth–gilead? And one said …
I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is …
I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and …