Jude 1:13
Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.
הערת לימוד
Study Note
'Wild waves of the sea, casting up the foam of their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of utter darkness has been reserved forever' — Jude's catalogue of apostasy employs natural imagery of violent disorder (Jude 1:12–13) drawn from Isaiah 57:20 ('the wicked are like the tossing sea') and 1 Enoch 18:14–16 (wandering stars as fallen angels). The 'foam of shame' (epaphrizonta tas heautōn aischynas) evokes the spectacle of a shoreline covered in detritus — public display of what the false teachers try to conceal is the prophetic irony. 'Wandering stars' in Second Temple Jewish cosmology referred to planets that followed irregular paths, associated with fallen angelic beings whose ordained courses had been abandoned — a fitting image for teachers who have deviated from their proper calling. The image of 'gloom of utter darkness reserved forever' draws on the Jewish apocalyptic tradition of the netherworld as dark prison (1 Enoch 21; 2 Peter 2:17), framing the false teachers' destiny as cosmically ordained.
תרגומים נוספים
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved for ever.
wild waves of a sea, foaming out their own shames; stars going astray, to whom the gloom of the darkness to the age hath been kept.
Violent waves of the sea, streaming with their shame, wandering stars for whom the darkest night is kept in store for ever.
הפניות צולבות
But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.
But this people hath a revolting and a rebellious heart; they are revolted and gone.
Fear ye not me? saith the Lord: will ye not tremble at my presence, which have placed the sand for …
Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.)
These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved …
But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall …
And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the …
And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, …
The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the …
And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many …