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Nero Claudius Caesar (54–68 AD) was the Roman emperor under whom Paul was almost certainly imprisoned in Rome for the final time, as implied by Paul's reference to 'Caesar's household' in Philippians 4:22 and his appeal to Caesar in Acts 25:11. Early Christian tradition holds that both Paul and Peter were martyred under Nero's persecution, which intensified after the great fire of Rome in 64 AD, when Nero scapegoated Christians for the disaster. Nero is referred to simply as 'Caesar' in the New Testament texts.