2 Corinthians 3:6
Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.
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Study Note
Paul's paradox 'the letter kills, but the spirit gives life' appears within his defense of apostolic ministry (2 Corinthians 3) and must be read in its context: the contrast is between the Mosaic covenant written on stone tablets and the new-covenant ministry writing on hearts through the Spirit. The 'letter' (gramma) is not merely literal reading versus allegorical reading — it is the Mosaic dispensation as a whole, whose glory was real but transient (vv. 7–11), contrasted with the eschatological age of the Spirit inaugurated by Christ. Augustine's hermeneutical principle — 'distinguish letter and spirit' — drawn from this verse shaped Western interpretation for centuries and is foundational for allegorical and spiritual reading traditions. The verse is important for understanding how Paul relates continuity and discontinuity between the two covenants.
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who also made us sufficient as ministers of a new covenant; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.
who also made us sufficient <FI>to be<Fi> ministrants of a new covenant, not of letter, but of spirit; for the letter doth kill, and the spirit doth make alive.
Who has made us able to be servants of a new agreement; not of the letter, but of the Spirit: for the letter gives death, but the Spirit gives life.
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