Psalms 2:1
Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?
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Study Note
'Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?' — the opening question of Psalm 2 is quoted in Acts 4:25-26 as the early church's interpretive frame for the crucifixion: Herod, Pilate, the Gentiles, and the people of Israel conspired against God's anointed, fulfilling the Psalm. The word 'rage' (ragash) and 'imagine' (hagah, the word for meditate in Psalm 1:2) create an ironic contrast with Psalm 1's righteous meditator: the nations 'meditate' on vanity while the blessed person meditates on Torah. The Psalm stands as the definitive Old Testament text on the conflict between human imperial ambition and divine sovereign purpose.
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Why do the nations rage, And the peoples meditate a vain thing?
Why have nations tumultuously assembled? And do peoples meditate vanity?
Why are the nations so violently moved, and why are the thoughts of the people so foolish?
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Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did cast them out as the dirt …
For they intended evil against thee: they imagined a mischievous device, which they are not able to perform.
The heathen raged, the kingdoms were moved: he uttered his voice, the earth melted.
They have said, Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation; that the name of Israel may …
Assur also is joined with them: they have holpen the children of Lot. Selah.
Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: …
But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, …
For he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on:
Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the Passover.
And the chief priests and scribes sought how they might kill him; for they feared the people.