Zechariah 7:11
But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear.
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Study Note
'But they refused to pay attention and turned a stubborn shoulder and stopped their ears that they might not hear' — the historical review of pre-exilic Israel's covenant failure in Zechariah 7:8–14 employs three physical images of willful non-reception: averted posture, covered ears, and (verse 12) an 'adamantine heart.' The three refusals parallel Jeremiah's repeated description of Israel as 'stiff-necked' and echo the covenant lawsuit genre of the prophets (Isaiah 1:2–4; Amos 4:6–11). The 'stubborn shoulder' (kataph sorerot, literally 'a shoulder of stubbornness/rebellion') may allude to an ox refusing to accept the yoke — a physical image for resistance to divine direction. The post-exilic audience's question about fasting (7:1–3) is answered by this recital: before asking about ritual observance, consider whether the justice and mercy YHWH requires (7:9) are being practiced.
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But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they might not hear.
And they refuse to attend, And they give a refractory shoulder, And their ears have made heavy against hearing.
But they would not give attention, turning their backs and stopping their ears from hearing;
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And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, …
Yet the Lord testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn …
And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified …
And the Lord spake to Manasseh, and to his people: but they would not hearken.
And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and …
Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their backs, and slew thy prophets which …
And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not …
Their poison is like the poison of a serpent: they are like the deaf adder that stoppeth her ear;
Which will not hearken to the voice of charmers, charming never so wisely.
Because I have called, and ye refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no man regarded;