马提亚

Matthias was chosen by lot to replace Judas Iscariot among the twelve apostles, being selected over Joseph Barsabbas after the resurrection and before Pentecost (Acts 1:23–26). The criteria for his selection were that he had accompanied the disciples from the time of John's baptism through the resurrection, making him a direct witness to Jesus's ministry and resurrection. Beyond Acts 1, Matthias does not appear in the New Testament, and his subsequent ministry is known only through traditions preserved in the church fathers, which vary widely and place his mission in territories ranging from Judea to Ethiopia. His selection story raises significant questions about the nature of apostleship and the use of lot casting in the early church.