Philippians 3:19
Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.)
Catatan Studi
Study Note
Paul's characterization of the 'enemies of the cross of Christ' as those whose 'god is their belly and whose glory is in their shame, who set their minds on earthly things' combines Stoic-influenced philosophical critique with apocalyptic moral discourse. The 'god is their belly' (koilia, also womb/appetite) echoes the satire of moral decline in Romans 16:18, where those who do not serve Christ serve their own appetites, suggesting a consistent Pauline polemic against desire-driven religion. The verse contrasts with Philippians 3:20 ('our citizenship is in heaven'), creating a sharp antithesis between earth-oriented and heaven-oriented identity — the fundamental Pauline eschatological distinction. The 'enemies of the cross' have been identified as either Jewish Christians seeking exemption from persecution through Torah observance or as libertines; the 'belly' language better fits the latter.
Terjemahan Lainnya
whose end is perdition, whose god is the belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.
whose end <FI>is<Fi> destruction, whose god <FI>is<Fi> the belly, and whose glory <FI>is<Fi> in their shame, who the things on earth are minding.
Whose end is destruction, whose god is the stomach, and whose glory is in their shame, whose minds are fixed on the things of the earth.
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