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Ezra is traditionally attributed to Ezra the scribe and priest, written around 450-400 BC. Parts of the book are written in first person (chapters 7-10), supporting Ezra's authorship. He likely compiled earlier documents, including official Persian decrees and letters, with his own memoirs to create the final work.

Ezra contains 10 chapters covering two returns from Babylonian exile: the first under Zerubbabel to rebuild the Temple (chapters 1-6, around 538 BC) and the second under Ezra to restore proper worship and the Law (chapters 7-10, around 458 BC), separated by about 80 years.

The main theme of Ezra is restoration — rebuilding the Temple and restoring covenant faithfulness. God fulfills Jeremiah's prophecy by stirring Cyrus to release the exiles. The book emphasizes that true restoration requires not just physical rebuilding but spiritual renewal through obedience to God's Law.

Key events include: Cyrus's decree allowing the Jews to return (chapter 1), the rebuilding of the altar and Temple foundations (chapter 3), opposition to the rebuilding (chapter 4), the Temple's completion and dedication (chapter 6), Ezra's journey to Jerusalem (chapters 7-8), and Ezra's prayer and the people's repentance over mixed marriages (chapters 9-10).

Ezra shows God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises of restoration after exile. The rebuilt Temple, though less glorious than Solomon's (Haggai 2:3), maintained the continuity of worship that would eventually welcome the Messiah. Ezra's emphasis on Scripture study and obedience laid the foundation for the synagogue tradition that shaped Judaism and early Christianity.