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Habakkuk was written by the prophet Habakkuk, about whom little is known beyond this book. The musical notation in chapter 3 suggests he may have been a Levitical musician associated with the Temple. The book was likely written around 610-605 BC, shortly before the Babylonian invasion of Judah.

Habakkuk contains 3 chapters structured as a dialogue between the prophet and God: Habakkuk's first complaint and God's surprising answer (chapter 1), Habakkuk's second complaint and God's response about the righteous living by faith (chapter 2), and Habakkuk's prayer of faith and worship (chapter 3).

The main theme of Habakkuk is trusting God when His ways seem incomprehensible. Habakkuk questions why God allows injustice in Judah, then is shocked that God's instrument of judgment is the even more wicked Babylonians. God's answer — 'the righteous person will live by his faithfulness' (2:4) — calls for trust in God's ultimate justice.

Key teachings include: the honest questioning of God's justice — 'How long, LORD, must I call for help?' (1:2), God's sovereignty in using even wicked nations for His purposes (1:5-11), the five woes against Babylonian arrogance (chapter 2), the foundational statement 'the righteous person will live by his faithfulness' (2:4), and Habakkuk's concluding psalm of trust — 'yet I will rejoice in the LORD' (3:17-19).

Habakkuk 2:4 — 'the righteous person will live by his faithfulness' — is quoted three times in the New Testament (Romans 1:17, Galatians 3:11, Hebrews 10:38) and became the foundational verse for Paul's doctrine of justification by faith and the Protestant Reformation. The book also models that honest questioning of God is not unfaithfulness but a path to deeper trust.