Romans 15:12

Paul's citation of Isaiah 11:10 — 'There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust' — is the climactic OT proof-text in Romans 15's chain of quotations demonstrating that Gentile inclusion in the people of God was always scriptural intent. The chain (Psalm 18:49, Deuteronomy 32:43, Psalm 117, Isaiah 11:10) demonstrates that the OT's scope included Gentile blessing — Paul is not describing a divine plan-B but the fulfilment of what was always embedded in the Abrahamic and Davidic promises. Isaiah 11's messianic passage (the branch from Jesse's stump) is elsewhere read in terms of cosmic peace (verses 6-9) and Israel's regathering (verses 11-12) — by citing verse 10 Paul reads the Gentile trust as the eschatological harvest of the whole vision. Revelation 5:5 ('the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David') and 22:16 ('I am the root... of David') apply the same Isaianic root-of-Jesse language directly to the risen Christ.