อิสยาห์ 30:1
Woe to the rebellious children, saith the Lord, that take counsel, but not of me; and that cover with a covering, but not of my spirit, that they may add sin to sin:
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Study Note
Isaiah's 'woe oracle' against the Egyptian alliance opens with a blistering characterization of Judah's diplomatic policy as rebellion (sarah) and as addition of sin to sin — the very conduct they are warned against is compounded by doing it without divine consultation. The phrase 'cover with a covering' (nasach massekah) may refer specifically to treaty ratification rituals involving libations, making the indictment doubly precise: the covenant with Egypt excludes the Spirit and so is not a covenant at all but an anti-covenant. Isaiah's consistent critique of foreign alliances (7:1–9; 28:15; 31:1) rests on a theology of sole-source security in YHWH, making human political calculation a form of practical atheism. The verse addresses the perennial temptation of religious communities to supplement faith with equivalent worldly guarantees.
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Woe to the rebellious children, saith Jehovah, that take counsel, but not of me; and that make a league, but not of my Spirit, that they may add sin to sin,
Woe <FI>to<Fi> apostate sons, The affirmation of Jehovah! To do counsel, and not from Me, And to spread out a covering, and not of My spirit, So as to add sin to sin.
Ho! uncontrolled children, says the Lord, who give effect to a purpose which is not mine, and who make an agreement, but not by my spirit, increasing their sin:
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