Jude 1:12
These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds they are without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
注釈
Study Note
The image of false teachers as 'spots in your feasts of charity' (spilades en tais agapais hymōn, hidden rocks in your love-feasts) evokes the maritime danger of submerged reefs that shipwreck unsuspecting sailors — the community's fellowship meals are threatened by concealed destructive forces. The cluster of four metaphors — waterless clouds, autumn trees without fruit doubly dead, wild sea-waves, wandering stars — is one of the most vivid rhetorical passages in the New Testament, each image capturing a form of promise-without-delivery. The 'wandering stars' (asteres planētai) may allude to planets, whose erratic paths in pre-modern astronomy made them symbols of unreliable guides — or to the Enoch tradition of fallen watchers. The 'blackness of darkness for ever' climaxes the series with an image drawn from 1 Enoch 10:4, confirming Jude's extensive engagement with Enochic tradition.
他の翻訳
These are they who are hidden rocks in your love-feasts when they feast with you, shepherds that without fear feed themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
These are in your love-feasts craggy rocks; feasting together with you, without fear shepherding themselves; clouds without water, by winds carried about; trees autumnal, without fruit, twice dead, rooted up;
These men are unseen rocks at your love-feasts, when they take part in them with you, keepers of sheep who without fear take the food of the sheep; clouds without water rushing before the wind, wasted trees without fruit, twice dead, pulled up by the roots,
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